Genetics and epigenetics in dogs
How environmental factors influence orthopaedic health
How to prevent orthopaedic problems in your dog
Gait analysis in dogs can detect subtle movement deviations at an early stage and thus enable effective treatment.
Genetics and epigenetics in dogs play a crucial role in orthopaedic health. While genetic factors influence diseases such as hip dysplasia, epigenetic influences such as exercise and diet determine whether these predispositions are activated, especially when it comes to orthopedic conditions such as hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, osteochondrosis (OCD) and panostitis. But in recent years, science has discovered a new dimension: epigenetics, which takes into account environmental factors and shows how they can affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence itself. This more comprehensive approach promises new solutions for the prevention and treatment of such diseases.
A balanced combination of “Genetics and epigenetics in dogs” is the key to long-term health
Genetics: The traditional perspective
Genetic factors were long considered to be the main cause of orthopaedic problems in dogs. Hip and elbow dysplasia in particular were considered hereditary diseases that should be combated through breeding programs. However, despite these efforts, progress in reducing these conditions has remained limited. This is often because they are complex genetic inheritance patterns involving many different genes.
Epigenetics: the up-and-coming approach
Epigenetics offers a new perspective. This scientific discipline investigates how environmental factors influence gene activity without altering the underlying DNA. A dog’s diet, exercise and general care can determine the extent to which genetic predispositions develop. These factors can determine whether a genetically predisposed dog actually develops symptoms.
Epigenetic influences: Diet and exercise in dogs
Examples of epigenetic influences:
Environmental factors: Different living conditions, such as the type of surfaces a dog walks on, can influence the risk of orthopaedic conditions.
Nutrition: An imbalance in calorie intake or nutrient distribution can promote too rapid growth and cause skeletal problems.
Exercise: Incorrect or excessive exercise can increase genetic susceptibilities and increase the risk of joint problems.
Practical consequences for the health of dogs
- Balanced diet: An individually tailored diet helps to avoid too rapid growth and nutrient deficiencies
- Age-appropriate exercise: An exercise plan that is tailored to the dog’s age and physical condition promotes musculoskeletal health
- Optimal environmental conditions: Adapting the environment in which the dog exercises helps to prevent incorrect strain and orthopaedic problems
Healthy exercise as the key to preventing orthopaedic problems
Proper exercise is crucial for the long-term health of the musculoskeletal system, especially in young dogs. A balanced combination of physical activity and rest periods not only promotes muscle development, but can also reduce genetic susceptibility to orthopaedic problems such as hip dysplasia or elbow dysplasia. It is important to adapt the amount of training to the dog’s age and physical development.
The combination of genetic predispositions and epigenetic influences offers a more comprehensive approach to the prevention and treatment of orthopaedic diseases in dogs. By taking environmental factors into account, veterinarians, breeders and dog owners can develop customized strategies to promote the long-term health and well-being of dogs.